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Romans 16

1 Now I present to you Phoibe your sister, who is also [a] servant of the assembly1 in Kegchrea, 2 in order that you receive her in [the] Lord [as is] worthy of the holy [ones], and assist her in whatever matter she has need [of you]. For she has become protectress2 of many and of me also. 3 Greet Priscilla and Akilla my co-workers in Christ, 4 who in behalf of my psyche-life3 laid down their own necks, to whom not I alone give thanks but all the assemblies1 of the nations, 5 and [greet] the assembly1 in their house. Greet Epainetus my agape-beloved, who is [the] first of Asia for Christ. 6 Greet Marian, who has labored much for you. 7 Greet Anronika and Junia my kinsmen and my fellow-prisoners, who are well known among the apostles, who also came to be in Christ before me. 8 Greet Ampliatus my agape-beloved in [the] Lord. 9 Greet Ourbanus our co-worker in Christ and Stachus my agape-beloved. 10 Greet Apellus the approved in Christ. Greet those of the [household of] Aristobolus. 11 Greet Herodion my kinsman. Greet those of the [household of] Narkissus who are in [the] Lord. 12 Greet Truphaina and Truphosa who have labored in [the] Lord. 13 Greet Rouphus the chosen in [the] Lord and his mother and mine. 14 Greet Asugkritus, Phlegon, Hermes, Patrobas, Herman, and the brothers with them. 16 Greet one another with [a] holy kiss4. All the assemblies1 of Christ greet you.

17 Now I call upon you, brothers, to be looking out for those making dissension and stumbling contrary to the teaching which you learned, and be avoiding them. 18 For such are not enslaved to our Lord Christ but to their own belly, and through [their] smooth word and well-speaking deceive the hearts of the innocent. 19 For your obedience has reached to all [men]. I therefore rejoice upon you, but I wish you to be wise towards the good [thing], and innocent towards the evil [thing]. 20 And the God of peace will crush Satan under your feet swiftly. The grace of our Lord Jesus [be]5 with you .

21 Timothy my co-worker greets you, and Lucius and Jason and Sosipater my kinsmen. 22 I Tertius, the [one] having written this letter, greet you in [the] Lord. 23 Gaius my host and the whole assembly1 greet you. Erastus the steward of the city and Quartus his brother greet you. [24 The grace of our Lord Jesus Christ [be]6 with you all, Amen.]7

25 Now to the [one] being able to establish you according to my good-news and the proclamation of Jesus Christ, according to [the] revelation of [the] mystery kept silent for times eternal, 26 but manifested now, and through the scriptures of the prophets, according to the command of the eternal God, for the obedience of faith, made known to all the nations, 27 to God, only wise through Jesus Christ, to him [be]8 glory to the eternity of eternity, Amen.


1EKKLESIA (εκκλησια) from "called out". Appears 114 times in the N.T., but only in two places in the Gospels ( Matt.16:18 (twice) and Matt.18:17 (twice)). It's worth noting that when Jesus uses the term EKKLESIA, Christian community as we know it didn't yet exist—there were only the disciples. EKKLESIA is apparently different from 'synagogue' (SYNAGOGE (συναγωγη) which occurs 56 times in the N.T.) EKKLESIA is used in secular Greek literature of a popular assembly 'called to assemble', and also of those 'called' to a cult. EKKLESIA is used frequently in the N.T. outside of the Gospels to refer to Christian communities, but in Acts.7:38 it is used of the people of Israel led through the desert by Moses, and in Acts.19:32 ff. of a secular assembly. Thus, all told, the common translation of EKKLESIA as 'church' doesn't really reflect 1st century usage—it seems to mean more like 'a group of people assembled for some specific purpose'.

2or "patronness"

3from PSYCHE (ψυχη): an individual manifestation of life/consciousness. Animals have PSYCHEs as well as humans. Contrast ZOE (ζωη)—Life 'collectively', interdependent, interconnected.

4from [PHILOS]

5or "[is]"

6or "[is]"

7include vs. 24: K; omit vs. 24: p46, 61ℵB vg

8or "[is"]