John 20

The Resurection

¹ Now on the first day of the Sabbaths¹ Maria the Magdalene comes early being still dark to the tomb, and sees the stone taken from the tomb. ² She runs therefore and comes to Simon Peter and to the other disciple whom Jesus was philia-loving, and says to them: They have taken the Lord from the tomb, and we do not know where they placed him. ³ Peter and the other disciple therefore went out, and were coming to the tomb. ⁴ Now the two ran together, and the other disciple ran before faster than Peter, and came first to the tomb, ⁵ and having stooped down he sees the linen lying, though he didn't enter. ⁶ Simon Peter also comes following him, and entered into the tomb, and he sees the linen lying, ⁷ and the face cloth, which was upon his head, [was] not lying with the linen but [was] apart having been folded in one place.² ⁸ Then therefore the other disciple, who came first to the tomb also entered, and saw and believed. ⁹ For they had not yet known the scripture that he must rise from the dead.

Jesus's Appearance to Mary Magdalene

¹⁰ The disciples there again departed to them. ¹¹ Now Maria stood outside facing the tomb weeping. As therefore she wept, she stooped into the tomb, ¹² and saw two angels clothed in white sitting, one towards the head and towards the feet, where Jesus's body was lying. ¹³ And those say to her: Woman, why do you weep? She says to them, Because they have taken my Lord, and I do not know where they placed him. ¹⁴ Having said these [things] she was turning back, and sees the Lord standing, and she did not know that it was Jesus.

¹⁵ Jesus says to her: Woman, why do you weep? That [one] supposing that it is the gardener, says to him: Lord, if you have carried him [away], tell me where you placed him, and I will take him. ¹⁶ Jesus says to her: Mariam. Having been turned, that [one] says to him in Hebrew: Rabbi, which means teacher. ¹⁷ Jesus says to her: Be not touching me, for I am not yet gone up to the father. But be going to my brothers and tell them, I go up to my father and your father and my God and your God. ¹⁸ Mariam the Magdalene comes announcing to the disciples that: I have seen the Lord, and he said these [things] to her.

Jesus's Appearance to the Disciples

¹⁹ Being therefore evening on the first day of the Sabbaths, and the doors having been closed where the disciples were for fear of the Jews, Jesus came and stood in their midst, and says to them: Peace to you.³ ²⁰ And having said this he also showed his hands and side to them. The disciples therefore rejoiced having seen the Lord. ²¹ Jesus therefore said to them again: Peace to you. Just as the father sent⁴ me, I also send⁵ you. ²² And having said this, he breathed on [them] and says to them: Receive [the] Holy Spirit. ²³ Whose sins you forgive, they have been forgiven to them; whose you retain, they have been retained.

The Response of Thomas

²⁴ Now Thomas, one of the twelve, the [one] being called Didimus, was not with them when Jesus came. ²⁵ The other disciples therefore were saying: We have seen the Lord. But he said: Unless I see in his hands the imprint of the nails and put my finger in the imprint of the nails, and put my hand into his side, I will not believe.

²⁶ And after eight days his disciples were again inside, and Thomas with them. Jesus comes while the doors are shut⁶, and stood in their midst and said: Peace to you. ²⁷ Then he says to Thomas: Be bringing your finger here and behold my hands, and be bringing your hand and put it in my side, and do not become unbelieving, but believing. ²⁸ Thomas answered him: My Lord and my God. ²⁹ Jesus says to him: Because you have seen me, you believe; Blessed [are] those not having seen and have believed.

³⁰ Indeed therefore many other signs Jesus did before the disciples, which have not been written in this scroll. ³¹ But these [things] are written in order that you be believing that Jesus is the Christ the son of God, and in order that believing you be having zoe-life⁷ in his name.

¹The "Sabbath" is a holy day. In the Jewish tradition, every Saturday is a "Sabbath", and as we know from Genesis 1, the Sabbath is the seventh day. Thus the "first day of the Sabbath" is Sunday. Other holy days that don't fall on Saturday are also "Sabbaths".

²Compare John.11:44

³A regular form of greeting.

⁴APOSTELLO

⁵PEMPO

⁶that is, 'locked'

⁷from ZOE "ZOH-ay" (ζωη)—Life 'collectively', interdependent, interconnected. Although it means 'life' in the conventional sense (for example: Matt.9:18, Matt.27:63, Luke.2:36, Acts.25:24, Rom.7:2, 2Cor.1:8, 1Thes.4:17, 1Tim.5:10, Rev.19:20), Jesus uses ZOE exclusively of 'life eternal' (with the possible exceptions of Luke.15:13, Luke.16:25). The other N.T. writers use ZOE in both senses—temporal and eternal, generally clear from the context. The Father is the 'zoe-living God' (see Matt.16:16). The Septuagint (LXX) in Gen.2:7 has "...[God] breathed into his nostrils the breath of zoe-life, and the man became a zoe-living psyche-life" (and see 1Cor.15:45); and Gen.3:20 (LXX) "And Adam called his wife's name ZOE, because she was the mother of all zoe-living." Contrast PSYCHE (ψυχη): an individual manifestation of life/consciousness. See John.12:25 where both ZOE and PSYCHE occur. Greek also has the word BIOS (βιoς ) for 'life' in the sense of biological processes.